# Lesson Plan: English Comprehension – Speechwork: Consonant Contrast /p/ and /t/
## Grade Level: Junior Secondary 2
## Time Duration: 60 minutes
### Objectives:
- Students will be able to distinguish between the /p/ and /t/ consonant sounds.
- Students will be able to accurately produce the /p/ and /t/ sounds in speech.
- Students will identify these sounds in different words during reading exercises.
- Students will enhance their listening comprehension skills.
### Materials Needed:
- Whiteboard and markers
- Flashcards with words containing /p/ and /t/ sounds
- Audio recordings of words and sentences containing /p/ and /t/ sounds
- Worksheet for practice exercises
- A collection of simple sentences and paragraphs incorporating the focus sounds
### Lesson Structure:
#### Introduction (10 minutes)
1. **Greeting and Recap:** Welcome students and briefly recap the previous lesson.
2. **Objective Overview:** Introduce the lesson objectives and explain why understanding consonant contrasts is important for clear and effective communication.
#### Direct Instruction (15 minutes)
1. **Explanation of /p/ and /t/ Sounds:**
- Write /p/ and /t/ on the whiteboard.
- Phonetically explain each sound:
- /p/ is a voiceless bilabial plosive.
- /t/ is a voiceless alveolar plosive.
- Demonstrate the position of lips and tongue for each sound.
2. **Modeling:**
- Teacher demonstrates the pronunciation of words with /p/ (e.g., "pat," "pen") and words with /t/ (e.g., "tap," "ten").
- Use flashcards to show and pronounce the words.
#### Guided Practice (15 minutes)
1. **Listening Exercise:**
- Play audio recordings of words containing /p/ and /t/ sounds.
- Students listen and identify which sound they hear by raising flashcards with /p/ or /t/ written on them.
2. **Repetition Exercise:**
- Students repeat words after the teacher, focusing on clearly articulating the /p/ and /t/ sounds.
- Include minimal pairs (words that differ by only one sound, e.g., "pat" vs. "bat," "tap" vs. "tab”) for practice.
#### Independent Practice (10 minutes)
1. **Worksheet Activity:**
- Distribute worksheets with various exercises like circling the correct word that matches the sound in the given context, or filling in the blanks with words that contain the /p/ or /t/ sounds.
2. **Reading Exercise:**
- Provide a short paragraph with several /p/ and /t/ words.
- Students read the paragraph silently and underline all the /p/ and /t/ words.
- Ask a few students to read the paragraph aloud, emphasizing the target sounds.
#### Assessment (5 minutes)
1. **Oral Assessment:**
- Randomly select a few students to pronounce different /p/ and /t/ words shown on flashcards.
2. **Listening Comprehension:**
- Play a short dialogue or sentences with /p/ and /t/ sounds, then ask comprehension questions to ensure students can identify the sounds within context.
#### Conclusion (5 minutes)
1. **Review Key Points:**
- Recap the importance of distinguishing /p/ and /t/ sounds.
- Review key pronunciation tips.
2. **Homework Assignment:**
- Assign students to write a short paragraph incorporating at least five /p/ and five /t/ words and practice reading it aloud.
### Reflection:
- Discuss with students what they found challenging and interesting.
- Note student engagement and areas needing further practice for future lesson planning.